At 7:11pm on September 24, 2009, Aref Najafi said…
Dear Jishnu,
Thank you for your kind comment, my email address is:
arefs@ualberta.ca and my cell number is +1-780-788-0024.
One of your questions was who has to pay for CCS, I would answer to that question that in each contry depends on the jurisdiction and tax or loyatly collection system it can be different.
But regardless of the management and fainacial system of any contry, the investment and spending money on CCS should be managed in a way that the liability shouldnt be transefered to the public or future generations.
we can not consume as much as we want and leave the mess for future generations. Which as conclusion means, all the funding for CCS should be provided through the operational costs of industry.
It might be increase the prices or the cost of services, but it is a part of cost of operation and the world economy should be able to digest it live with it.
Please feel free to contact me if you need more discussions.
i hope that u had gone through IPCC special report carbon dioxide capture and sequestration. If not then u cn dwnload it from IPCC site , i think it will answer ur all queries
I am mustafa and am looking for a doctorate position in the field of CCS, can you be of some help. Presently i am writing a state of art paper on CCS and CDM in potential in Indian context.
Hi Jishnu,
I am not a big fan of CCS as of now. Don't see it working in Africa/Asia and hence don't see it as a global solution. Besides the environmental repercussions have hardly been researched to a good extent to support the process. Carbon sequestration would mean decrease in oxygen content, lack of which is already a concern.
In the back drop of this investing time in carbon sequestration in Scotland, UK will never be my priority. I am sorry about not being able to help you.
At the moment I am working in CDM's/Energy management/Carbon Management and I think these issues have far reaching consequences in Asia/Africa and South America.
There are several method available for capturing CO2, some them are devloped long time ago, even before bthis CO2 fever (lol).
Physical absorption/adsorption, in this method a solid absorbent (such as activated carbon, zeolites) is passed through the gas stream, and the CO2 is held on the surface of the particles by (non-chemical) surface forces. Once collected, the particles are heated, releasing (desorbing) the CO2. Adsorption is not yet considered attractive for large-scale separation of CO2 from flue gas because the capacity and CO2 selectivity of available adsorbents is low.
Membrane Systems, Gas Separation Membranes ® differences in physical or chemical interactions between gases and a membrane material, causing one component to pass through the membrane faster than another (porous inorganic: palladium membranes, polymeric membranes and zeolites), Multiple stages and/or recycle of one of the streams are necessary which leads to increased complexity, energy consumption and costs.
Cryogenic fractionation, Which involves the compression of the gas stream, and cooling it to a temperature low enough to allow separation by distillation. The resulting liquid CO2 may then be removed for disposal. Used for high CO2 concentrations (typically >90%). High energy required for refrigeration. Concept is well understood and it is the same process for producing oxygen and nitrogen gases as well.
Chemical Stripping, In this method CO2 captured and stripped from flue gas to flowing chemical such as Amonia. It is very easy and widely used in different industries. In this case CO2 and ammonia produce a non stable solid Ammonium carbonate which is base material to produce fertilizer Ammonium sulfate, and CO2 can be colledted again during the process.
A few engineering proposals have been made for capturing CO2 directly from the air, but there is long way to go to have afirm well developed technology.
Dear Jishnu,
Regarding your question "how do u establish that the site is suitable for storage?"
I would say, many of potential sites for storage is chosen from depleted reservoirs, which means thay have 3 main basic characteristics: 1- They have sufficeint amont of pore volume to store the CO2 2- They have sufficient permeability to let to gas flow to whole reservoir 3- they have solid and strong cap rock which can stand high pressure and it is impermeable layer of rock.
Regarding your question "how can we ensure that there will be no leakage after the storage?"
The storage sites, used to be gas or oil reservoirs which means they naturally have non permeable boundaries, ortherwise those gas and oil would leak to surface or would contaminate underground water, saying so always there are uncertinities in nature, then monitoring of such a storage site is a must, and if any type of leakage is reported, source of the leack should be investigated and proper action like cementing should be taken.
I hope these answer your questions, please feel free to dicuss if my answers are not clear enough.
Good luck with your research
Jishnu, Let me know if I can help you with your research and/or thesis. I was an academic in Scotland, now working on CC in Canada. We have a common interest!
Ray
I am on reservoir characterisation and storage side, but if you can go to www.co2crc.com.au web site. They could help you in diverting to the proper personnal and will get more information.
Dear Jishnu,
there are many specific aspects of CCS, capture, transportation, storage, geochemistry, regulatory, environmental which each of these tpoics needs its own experts and studies, i am a Reservoir and Chemical Engineer which means I can speak in the capture and storage, but I do not have much information regarding transportation and other aspects of this work. If you have any question in capture and storage you are more than welcome to ask.
Cheers
Carbon capture and storage - one of the most important engineering challenges
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Thank you for your kind comment, my email address is:
arefs@ualberta.ca and my cell number is +1-780-788-0024.
One of your questions was who has to pay for CCS, I would answer to that question that in each contry depends on the jurisdiction and tax or loyatly collection system it can be different.
But regardless of the management and fainacial system of any contry, the investment and spending money on CCS should be managed in a way that the liability shouldnt be transefered to the public or future generations.
we can not consume as much as we want and leave the mess for future generations. Which as conclusion means, all the funding for CCS should be provided through the operational costs of industry.
It might be increase the prices or the cost of services, but it is a part of cost of operation and the world economy should be able to digest it live with it.
Please feel free to contact me if you need more discussions.
i hope that u had gone through IPCC special report carbon dioxide capture and sequestration. If not then u cn dwnload it from IPCC site , i think it will answer ur all queries
I am mustafa and am looking for a doctorate position in the field of CCS, can you be of some help. Presently i am writing a state of art paper on CCS and CDM in potential in Indian context.
thanx n rgrds
I am not a big fan of CCS as of now. Don't see it working in Africa/Asia and hence don't see it as a global solution. Besides the environmental repercussions have hardly been researched to a good extent to support the process. Carbon sequestration would mean decrease in oxygen content, lack of which is already a concern.
In the back drop of this investing time in carbon sequestration in Scotland, UK will never be my priority. I am sorry about not being able to help you.
At the moment I am working in CDM's/Energy management/Carbon Management and I think these issues have far reaching consequences in Asia/Africa and South America.
Physical absorption/adsorption, in this method a solid absorbent (such as activated carbon, zeolites) is passed through the gas stream, and the CO2 is held on the surface of the particles by (non-chemical) surface forces. Once collected, the particles are heated, releasing (desorbing) the CO2. Adsorption is not yet considered attractive for large-scale separation of CO2 from flue gas because the capacity and CO2 selectivity of available adsorbents is low.
Membrane Systems, Gas Separation Membranes ® differences in physical or chemical interactions between gases and a membrane material, causing one component to pass through the membrane faster than another (porous inorganic: palladium membranes, polymeric membranes and zeolites), Multiple stages and/or recycle of one of the streams are necessary which leads to increased complexity, energy consumption and costs.
Cryogenic fractionation, Which involves the compression of the gas stream, and cooling it to a temperature low enough to allow separation by distillation. The resulting liquid CO2 may then be removed for disposal. Used for high CO2 concentrations (typically >90%). High energy required for refrigeration. Concept is well understood and it is the same process for producing oxygen and nitrogen gases as well.
Chemical Stripping, In this method CO2 captured and stripped from flue gas to flowing chemical such as Amonia. It is very easy and widely used in different industries. In this case CO2 and ammonia produce a non stable solid Ammonium carbonate which is base material to produce fertilizer Ammonium sulfate, and CO2 can be colledted again during the process.
A few engineering proposals have been made for capturing CO2 directly from the air, but there is long way to go to have afirm well developed technology.
Hope this information helped.
Good Luck
Regarding your question "how do u establish that the site is suitable for storage?"
I would say, many of potential sites for storage is chosen from depleted reservoirs, which means thay have 3 main basic characteristics: 1- They have sufficeint amont of pore volume to store the CO2 2- They have sufficient permeability to let to gas flow to whole reservoir 3- they have solid and strong cap rock which can stand high pressure and it is impermeable layer of rock.
Regarding your question "how can we ensure that there will be no leakage after the storage?"
The storage sites, used to be gas or oil reservoirs which means they naturally have non permeable boundaries, ortherwise those gas and oil would leak to surface or would contaminate underground water, saying so always there are uncertinities in nature, then monitoring of such a storage site is a must, and if any type of leakage is reported, source of the leack should be investigated and proper action like cementing should be taken.
I hope these answer your questions, please feel free to dicuss if my answers are not clear enough.
Good luck with your research
Ray
I am on reservoir characterisation and storage side, but if you can go to www.co2crc.com.au web site. They could help you in diverting to the proper personnal and will get more information.
cheers
Saju
there are many specific aspects of CCS, capture, transportation, storage, geochemistry, regulatory, environmental which each of these tpoics needs its own experts and studies, i am a Reservoir and Chemical Engineer which means I can speak in the capture and storage, but I do not have much information regarding transportation and other aspects of this work. If you have any question in capture and storage you are more than welcome to ask.
Cheers
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